聋儿康复早期干预的实践与体会

Analysis on experiences of early intervention for hearing-impaired children

背景 我国聋儿言语康复从上世纪八十年代初、中期开始,二十年来,虽然取得了一些令人瞩目的成就,但仍然有许多聋儿未得到康复训练,或虽经过康复训练,却没有达到理想效果。方法 我们以近几年训练并毕业的15名聋儿为例,9名是3岁以前进行干预的,6名是3岁以后进行干预的,比较两组训练后的效果。结果 根据康复评估结果,早期干预早的效果更好些,大多数进入了普小普幼;而干预年龄较晚的一组,尽管也有进入普校学习的,但其与人交往及学习都有一定的困难。结论 聋儿的康复受多种因素影响,但“早期干预”是最主要的因素之一,所以说“早期干预愈早愈好”。

Background Hearing-Speech rehabilitation for hearing-impaired children started in China inthe early 1980s. Although remarkable success has been achieved, many more hearing-impaired children areyet to receive rehabilitation training. Method We conducted a cohort study involving 15 preschool hearing-impaired children. They had undergone hearing-speech rehabilitation training between 1998 and 2002. Ninewere less than 3 years old when starting training, while the other six were more than 3 years. We comparedthe current communication ability and the learning situation of the two groups, using data from interviewswith parents and abstracted from rehabilitation training records. Results As evaluated by specialists,Rehabilitative hearing with respect to communication ability, was much better in the younger group than thatof the older group. Most of the younger group now study in regular elementary schools or kindergartens,while part of the older group, despite in regular schools, continue to have difficulties in communication andlearning. Conclusions The effects of training depend on a variety of factors, but 'early intervention' inrehabilitation is one of the most important ones. It is very true that early intervention is more effective.'