我国富烃煤层的有机岩石学研究

ORGANIC-PETROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROCARBON-RICH SEAMS IN CHINA

富烃煤层是一类富含烃类物质并具有较大生烃潜力的煤层,它在采矿中通常具有一定的灾害性,但它是煤成烃研究和勘探的主要对象。在宏观上它具煤体结构保存程度差、光泽暗淡和宏观力学性质弱等特点。在显微镜下,它具有一些特殊的煤岩组成、荧光特征和各向异性特征等,如它含有较多的富氢镜质体;一些稳定组分具荧光分级和分馏现象。富烃煤层中还存在着大量的煤成烃和排烃的显微标志,如各种类型的渗出体、微粒体等。这些都是贫烃煤层所不具有的显微特征。

Hydrocarbon-rich seam is a kind of seam which contains a large number of hydrocarbonrich materials and has great potentiality of hydrocarbon-producing. It usually causes disaster to mining. However, it is the main object of study and exploration of coal-formed hydrocarbon. Seams from 27 mining areas are employed in this study and their characteristics of lithotypes and macerals are analysed. Macroscopically, this kind of seam easily fractures and splinters and usually appears gloomy lustre and weak mechanics characteristics. Hydrocarbon-rich seams also contain some particular materials such as porhydrows vitrinite. Hetoropic desmocollinite and netasork vitrinite and some special characteristics of fluorescent grade and fractional distillation in liptinite and anisotropy in inertinite also can be found under microscope. In addition, a lot of microscopic indication of coal-formed hydrocarbon and discharge of hydrocarbon can be got in this kind of seam as various forms of exsudatinites and micrinites, all of which can not be found in hydrocarbon-poor seams.