话语礼貌与语用距离

Utterance Politeness and Pragmatic Distance

话语是交际双方特定语用距离的反映；语言礼貌在话语层面上是否礼貌取决于它是否切适于交际双方的语用距离。语用距离是在交际过程中推断和确定的，它随着交际因素的改变而改变．交际者可以凭借一定的语言手段来维持或改变现有的语用距离。因而，话语礼貌具有动态性和可洽商性的特征。

The linguistic expression is a signal of pragmatic distance between participants and pragmatic distance between participants is the determinant of politeness at the utterance level. Utterance politeness is the appropriateness of linguistic politeness to pragmatic distance between participants, which is calculated and determined in the process of communication. Participants can maintain or alter their pragmatic distance between them by employing certain linguistic means. Therefore, utterance politeness is characterized by fluidity and negotiability.