顿悟与源事件中启发信息的激活

Insight and Activation of Heuristic Information in Prototypal Matters

采用先学习源事件、后进行顿悟问题解决的两阶段实验范型,探讨了大学生解决九点四划问题的成功顿悟与源事件中 所包含的启发信息提取之间的内在联系。结果发现,在顿悟问题解决阶段,只有激活学习阶段所获得的源事件中所包含的启发 信息,才能成功解决顿悟问题。但并非所有激活源事件的被试都能成功解决九点四划问题,这取决于从源事件中所提取的启发 信息的质量。研究结果还表明,内隐学习组与外显学习组正确解决九点问题的人数百分比差异并不显著,证明源事件中所包含 的启发信息的激活,可能主要是自动加工的结果。

This article selected the nine-dot problem as the material and investigated the inherent relation between the acquisition of insight in resolving the nine-dot problem and activation of heuristic information in prototypal matters through the learning and testing phases. The results indicated that: (1)the subjects could resolve the nine-dot problem only if they activated correlative heuristic information in prototypal matters, but not all the subjects that activated it were able to resolve it because the quality and type of heuristic information that the subjects acquired from these prototypal matters were distinctly different.(2)the difference was not distinct between the implicit learning and explicit learning groups, which suggested that the activation of heuristic information in prototypal matters came as a result of automatic processing.