聋人唇读的大脑机制研究

A Review of the Study on the Brain Mechanism in Deaf Lip-reading

摘 要 特定区域整合模型与信息传输接替模型提供了聋人唇读不同的大脑机制,前者认为聋人唇读是由特定大脑皮层(如STS,后扣带回等)加工的结果,听觉皮层并未参与视觉语言认知加工;后者认为聋人唇读的大脑机制与正常人无声唇读的大脑机制基本相似,是通过皮层下的连接区域(如屏状核)激活了视觉皮层、听觉皮层等。但更多的证据支持信息传输接替模型。聋人的听觉皮层具有可塑性,早期的语言经验对言语加工神经通路的建立具有很大的影响。

The fact that different ideas exist in the site-specific integration model indicates that there are special areas (e.g. superior temporal sulcus, posterior cingulate cortex) of the brain that only process specific stimulus combinations, while the communication relay model suggests that the mechanisms of the deaf and the hearing people in lip-reading are similar to processing the stimuli by the subcortical area, such as claustrum. However, more evidences are in faror of the communication relay model. The auditory cortex in the deaf has plasticity, and early linguistic experiences influence the establishment of the neural path of processing the stimuli from different modalities.