进入资本主义时代的审美意识——论19世纪现实主义文学中个人奋斗者形象的美学意义

On the Aesthetics Features of the Struggling Individuals in the Western European Realistic Literature in the 19^(th) Century

本文拟从美学的角度研究 19世纪西欧现实主义文学中的个人奋斗者形象。与以往文学形象的审美特征不同 ,他们身上体现出简洁明快的 ,并且是通俗直觉的审美特征 ,这是西欧文艺复兴带来的资本主义时代的审美意识。这一审美意识首先是平民的美学观 ,表现为强调人与人的平等、尤其强调平民的意志力量等因素。这一时期的文学形象的审美取向又突出地表现为对人物形象的敏捷、果决与成功等审美特征的欣赏 ,其中还包括了强悍乃至邪恶等因素 ,就象《人间喜剧》对伏脱冷形象的美丑熔为一体的表现———他的邪恶 ,他的冷酷可怖 ,同时还有他的精明 ,他的侠义和他的坦诚。这种美丑熔为一体的美学体现同样是审美进入资本主义时代的标志。

In this thesis I evaluate the aesthetic significance of the struggling individuals - the heroes and heroines in Western European Literature of the 19 th century.Firstly,I try to point out that those characters reveal an asethetic taste with a strong consciousness of democracy,much different from the taste of the feudalist era.Then I try to prove that the new tastes be a mixture of both positive and negative qualities arranged in an untraditional way:strong but evil,terrible but wise,etc,and I want to comment it as the points of view of the competition era.Finally,I want to point out the significance of the aesthetic taste - a description of the spirit of the Western people having entered the capitalist era.