从国外大停电事故看改善输变电建设外部环境的重要性

Importance of improving the ambient condition of the transmission and distribution construction as revealed by the blackout fault abroad

从美加8·14大面积停电事故中,由输电线路故障、潮流转移,使原在重负荷下运行线路的弛度增加,缩小对地安全距离,进而诱发数条线路相继闪络断开,促使事故扩大的过程分析。论述了美国、意大利输变电建设滞后、在输变电建设中承受的环境压力以及上述国家环境立法行为现状。指出正确认识与科学对待输变电电磁环境暴露影响的必要性。介绍了美国电磁场研究与公众信息传播计划(EMF RAPID)以及世界卫生组织(WHO)EMF 10年计划的研究情况与结论性意见。还介绍了国际非离子辐射委员会(ICNIRP)及美国电力与电子工程师协会(IEEE C95.6)标准的暴露限值。建议在WHO统一指导与协调下,统一认识,主动宣传,积极研究,为输变电建设创造更好的外部环境。

The blackout of 8·14 in USA and Canada was mainly caused by the transmission line faults and the transfer of flow. The sag of the heavily loaded overhead lines were thus further increased and the safety gap to the ground decreased leading to the successive trips of several transmission lines because of flashover and intensifying the deteriorating process of the situation as a whole. In USA and Italy the transmission and distribution constraction lags behind the load growth due to the pressure from the enviromental requirements and the resulting legal actions sustained during the construction process of the transmission and distribution system. It was pointed out that such pressure can only be released by correctly understanding the impact of electromagnetic exposure in the enviroment. In addition to the above analysis the research work on the plan of the Electric and Magnetic Fields Research and Public Information Dissemination(EMF RAPID) of USA and 10 year International EMF Project of WHO have been ecommended with concluding remarks. The guidelines for limiting exposure suggested by 'ICNIRP' and 'IEEE C 95.6' standard have also been recommened. It was suggested that under the unified guidance and coordination by WHO we should study hard and propagandize actively with unified understanding in order that a better ambient condition be created for transmission and distribution construction.