温室集雨与集雨水高效利用研究

Rainwater harvesting with heliogreenhouse and its utilization with high efficiency

在半干旱偏旱区设置了清除土表杂草、红沙覆盖、废膜覆盖和日光温室棚面4种不同的集流面处理,结合日光温室秋冬茬黄瓜、番茄不同灌水量试验,通过水的转化效率探讨不同集流面的使用价值和提高水转化效益的适宜灌水量。结果表明:温室棚面的年产流率最高为85.4%,其次为废膜集流面45.4%,清除土表杂草集流面的年产流率仅有8.2%。从单方水集流费用看,清除土表杂草>红沙集流面>废膜集流面>日光温室棚面,平均集流费用为2.18元/m3,单座温室棚面(450m2)集流面加上温室间隔区废膜集雨(600m2),集雨水总量可达到197m3,能够满足温室一茬黄瓜和一茬番茄的需水量。

The experiments with different catchment measures of cleaning weeds, abandoned film covering, red sand covering and plastic covering on heliogreenhouse were conducted in the semiarid regions prone to drought of Loess plateau to determine the catchment efficiency (runoff/rainfall) and the costs of harve sted water. Meanwhile, the study of different irrigation volume of harve sted water for tomato and cucumber in heliogreenhouse was conducted to determine the optimal irrigation volume. The results showed that the catchment efficiency of plastic covering on heliogreenhouse was as high as 85%, that of abandoned fi lm covering was 45.4%, and that of cleaning weeds was only 8.2%. As for the cost per unic volume of harvested water, the catchment measures could be put in order as: cleaning weeds >red sand covering >abandoned film covering > plastic covering on heliogreenhouse. In the regions with 300 mm precipitation, with the catchments of 450 m\+2 of plastic covering on heliogreenhouse and 600 m\+2 of abandoned film coverin g, the total volume of harvested water was 197 m\+3, which could meet the year ly need of irrigation norm of cucumber in one heliogreenhouse (0.045 hm\+2).