川中丘陵区小麦不同覆盖栽培条件下土壤水分及增产效果研究

The study of soil water and wheat production under different covering methods in the hilly areas of central Sichuan

川中丘陵区属中亚热带湿润气候区,季节性干旱频繁。在小麦生育期内,选择坡顶土、二台土、漕土3种台位,分别设全膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、侧膜覆盖(坡顶土、漕土)和露地栽培(ck)等不同处理,测定其土壤水分。结果表明,拔节期前,覆盖处理5～15cm土壤水分含量均比对照高(全膜>秸秆>侧膜>露地)。顶土和坡土中,全膜覆盖产量增幅明显,其次为秸秆覆盖;而在漕土中,露地栽培(ck)产量略高于秸秆和侧膜覆盖。同时研究了各处理对小麦经济性状的影响。

The climate in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Province is h umid an d subtropical. Due to the uneven distribution of precipitation in time and lo cation, there are frequently seasonal droughts. In this paper, the effect of different mulching methods on the soil water during the wheat growth s eason was studied. The results showed that the water content in 5~15 cm soil lay er before enlongation stage in the covering treatments was higher than th at in ck (plastic film>straw>edges of film>uncovered). On the top land and slopi n g land, plastic film and straw increased the yield remarkably, but on the lowlan d, the yield of umcovered cultivation (ck) was slightly higher than that of the treatments of straw and edges of film. The effects of covering on the economic c haracters of wheat were also studied.