交际能力理论与对外汉语口语教学

The Theory of Linguistic Communicative Competence and the Oral Chinese Teaching for Foreiners

对外汉语口语教学界存在两种不良倾向,一种是片面强调语法知识的教学而忽视其他交际能力的培养;另一种是笼统地强调交际却不能进行有针对性的训练,结果教学带有很大的盲目性。交际能力体系是个有层次的复杂结构,对外汉语口语教学既要重视语言能力的培养,又要重视交际训练,尤其要明确交际能力结构中的各个组成部分并进行有针对性的、循序渐进的教学。

There are two harmful trends in the circle of oral Chinese teaching for foreigners. One is to emphasize the teaching of grammatical knowledge one-sidedly, but to ignore the cultivation of other communicative competence. The other is to emphasize the communication generally, but not to offer some corresponding exercises, which causes the blindness of teaching. The system of communicative competence has a complex stratificational structure. The oral Chinese teaching for foreigners should attach importance not only to the training of language competence, but to the training of communicative competence. Especially, we should make clear each part of the construction of the communicative ability, and teach correspondingly and step by step.