秦汉民爵获得途径述略

The Ways of Getting Peerage of Average Person Qin and Han Dynasty

秦汉民爵的获得主要有军功获爵、事功获爵及国家赐爵三种基本途径。这三种途径扩大了民爵赐予的范围,并在事实上引起了社会等级的变化。它们对秦汉国家的富强和迅速崛起功不可没。然而随着秦汉官僚制的逐步成熟,爵制中的非理智因素与之产生了矛盾。另外,秦汉赐爵历史已有四百多年,"以功赏爵"的原则已不似先前那样明显,人们对爵位的重视程度也大不如前,滥赐爵位及买卖爵位的增多即是其表现,爵制渐而泛滥实属必然。

The three main ways of getting peerage of average person in Qin and Han dynasty were the contribution for military,contribution for country,and bestowed by government when there were vital national affairs.These ways expanded the range of getting peerage of average person and increased their numbers,and led to the change of social classes.The function of them was very important,because they made the country more prosperous and powerful.But with the maturation of bureaucrat system,the un-intellectuality factors of peerage engendered the contradiction with it.For another,the history of peerage in Qin and Han dynasty was about four hundred years,so the principle of exploit was not more obvious than before,and people also paid little attention to it.The manifestation was the increasing of giving peerage and transaction of it.So,it was inevitable that the peerage overflew finally.