法律方法及其运用

Legal Methods and their Application

法律方法近几年来逐渐在我国法学界和实务界引起重视,究其原因,是其对法治所具有的积极推动意义。法官只有借助于各种法律技术和法律解释方法,才能把成文法和司法有机地结合起来,从而疏通由法律规则到个案判决的转换过程。综合来看,可以将法律(解释)方法分为四类:狭义的法律解释方法、法律漏洞补充方法、不确定概念的价值补充、利益衡量。面对模糊不清的法律,一般来说,应按照文义解释、论理解释、比较法解释和社会学解释的先后排序,考虑各种狭义解释方法的运用;对于存在空缺结构的法律,需要运用法律漏洞补充方法;对于不确定的概念,则要进行价值补充;在以上各种方法的运用中,可以综合进行利益衡量。在我国当前国情下,重视法律方法的运用对于法官判案有着极其重要的推动作用。

Legal methods have been attached more and more importance in the fields of jurisprudence and practice of law in recent years. The reason for this is that legal methods give a positive impulse to the development of ruling by law. Judges can join statute to judiciary organically only by means of all kinds of legal methods. As a result, the transaction procession from legal rules to individual case judgments can be operated. From a synthetical point of view, legal methods (or legal interpretation methods) can be categorized into four types: legal methods of narrow sense, gap-filling methods, value evaluation of uncertain concepts and profits measurement. Generally speaking, when we face obscure laws, we can use legal methods of a narrow sense in the order of: firstly, interpretation according to literary meaning; secondly, interpretation by proving; thirdly, interpretation by comparative jurisprudence, and finally interpretation by sociological jurisprudence. As far as loopholes in law are concerned, we usually use gap-filling methods. For uncertain concepts, we can use the methods of value judgment. The method of profit-measurement can be used in all of the above legal methods. In our present national conditions, valuing the application of legal methods is very important for judges to adjudicate cases.