二战后东亚的权威主义政体评析

Analyses of the Authoritarian Regime of Eastern Asia after World War II

二战后初期,东亚国家仍具有农业社会的典型特征,受到传统文化的深刻影响,仿效西方建立的自由民主体制缺乏政治基础和公众认同,而且难以处理复杂的社会安全形势。这些因素导致了自由民主体制的失败和权威主义政体的建立。在权威主义政体下,由于保持了政治稳定、采取专家治国和出口导向战略,经济取得了迅速的发展,但也导致了严重的社会经济问题;保持了一定的政治稳定但也导致了惊人的腐败;由于民主的历史,仍或多或少地保留了一部分民主形式。我们在承认权威主义的一定的历史必然性的同时,也不应美化权威主义。

In the early time after World War II, Eastern Asian countries still had the typical characteristics of an agricultural society, and were profoundly influenced by the traditional culture. This led to the lack of political base and public consent for the liberal democratic system, and to the inability of these countries to deal with the serious unstable situation at that time. Those factors provide the explanation of the failure of liberal democratic system and the foundation of authoritarian regimes. Under an authoritarian regime, political stability and the adoption of an export-oriented strategy resulted in both rapid economic growth and serious social problems (e.g.corruption within the government);democratic forms were more or less retained as a result of democratic history. We should acknowledge that the authoritarian regime has its historical inevitability to some degree, but we should not prettify it.