构造关于真善美的纯粹先验批判——对刘士林《苦难美学》的回应、支持和商榷

Construction of the Pure Transcendent Critique about the True, the Good and the Beautiful —— My Response to Liu Shi- lin’s Misery Aesthetics

刘士林从思想史语境中发掘文明精神结构———真善美———的工作目标具有先验批判品格,富于理论建树意义。然而历史语境的经验性使其夹带某种与先验批判的纯粹逻辑普遍性要求的不一致性,成为一种不纯粹的先验批判。其消极影响是,这种先验批判的论断有效性缺乏必然保证。因此,应该努力寻找能够完成关于真善美的纯粹先验批判任务的逻辑语境,在这种纯粹先验批判中检验那种历史语境下展开的先验批判的真理性,即在逻辑的东西与历史的东西之间的切合中充分肯定和巩固这种先验批判。为此,笔者将真善美问题依其与存在的直接相关性而向普遍存在形式还原,并从意识存在中寻求超越主客对立的更高抽象水平的普遍存在形式,进而把真善美逻辑地确定为普遍存在形式的不同构成内容分别向特殊存在作评价使用的结果,由此,真善美被具体地统一于普遍存在形式上,并通过意识对存在形式的追求这一中介而成为精神活动的带有动力属性的普遍构成要素。

Liu Shi lin’s seeking for the true, the good and the beautiful from the context of ideological history is of a priori critique and great theoretical significance, but it is an impure one because of its inconsistence with the pure logical universality claim due to the empiricism of the historical context. Consequently, the validity of the arguments of the critique is not naturally guaranteed. In fact, we should try hard to look for the logical context which can complete the task of the pure a priori critique about the true, the good and the beautiful, and check in the pure a priori critique the truth of the a priori critique in the historical context, that is to say, to fully affirm and consolidate this kind of a priori critique in the join between the logical and the historical. So, different from Liu, this article reduces the problem of the true, the good and the beautiful to the universal existent form according to the direct relevance to existence, and seeks the more abstract universal existence form from consciousness existence that transcends the opposition between the subject and the object, and then, establishes logically the true, the good and the beautiful as the result of the evaluation of the particular existence separately with the different constitutive elements of universal existence form. Hence, the true, the good and the beautiful will be concretely unified to the universal existent form, and become the universal constitutive elements of the mental activities with an attribute of motive power from the seeking for the universal existence of consciousness as a medium.