自由精神的文化拯救——巴赫金与昆德拉小说理论的比较

CULTURAL SALVATION OF FREE SPIRIT—— A Comparison of Fiction Theory of Bakhjin and Kundera

巴赫金与昆德拉的小说理论,形式上虽有体系严整与随笔散论的差异,但其精神实质、思想内涵、价值理念却极为相似相通。他们的小说理论都建构在对存在本质的思考和对西方文化批判的基础上,具有文化诗学的特殊价值。他们都以维护人的自由、重建和高扬人的主体性为理论核心,深入揭示了西方小说的文化特质,强调小说的文化批判和文化建构功能,赋予小说以文化拯救的严肃使命。本文通过对二者理论的相互阐发、比较印证,以期达到对其理论价值的发掘整合。

The fiction theories of Bakhjin and Kundera are identical in spiritual essence, ideological connotation and values in spite of the differences between the system strictness and informal essays or jottings. The foundation of their fiction theories are both based on the reflections on the intrinsic quality of existence critique of the Western culture, which is of special value in the cultural poetry science. Their theoretical core is to safeguard human liberty, reconstruct and carry forward the state of human's main body and deeply reveal the cultural characteristics of the Western novels, and lay emphasis on the function of the cultural criticism and the cultural structure, entrust to novels the serious mission of cultural salvation. The authors make a systematic exposition and make a comparison of the two theories in hopes of conforming their theoretical value.