社会资本、市场力量与学校变革

Social Capital, Market Force and School Reform

在世界上许多国家包括中国 ,人们开始以市场力量来对学校这种公共部门进行改革 ,以革除当今学校存在的弊端 ,提高学校运作效率 ,满足公众日益多样化的需求 ,并提升教育公平 ,这实际上深受新自由主义思潮的影响。然而 ,以市场为导向的改革就像一柄双刃剑 ,它提高了资源的利用效率 ,扩大了消费者的选择权 ,似乎给予所有的人以同等的选择的机会 ;但是改革也有可能加大学校之间的差距 ,加重社会不公正现象 ,扩大强势群体与弱势群体之间的不平等。因此 ,仅仅依赖市场是不够的 ,创造、提升或重建学校的社会资本是对市场魔力的一种平衡 ,也是当今学校变革的“第三条道路”。

People in many countries around the world, including China, have begun to carry on reforms upon school institutions in terms of market force so as to abolish a variety of drawbacks, enhance the operative efficiency, satisfy the increasing demands of the public, and promote education equity, all of which are in fact deeply affected by the Neo-liberalistic trend. However, market-oriented reform is a double-edged sword: it has improved the utilization efficiency of the resources, expanded the consumers' selection range, and seemingly offered to all people equal opportunities; but it may also aggrandize the spatial differences between schools, aggravate unequal social phenomena and enlarge the distance between the superior and infoerior social groups. Therefore, it is not enough to depend on the market only. There also need creation, promotion and reestablishment of the social capital of school as a balance against market power. This is ”the third way” out for school reform.