青少年期身心发展特点

Characteristics of Physiological and Mental Development of Adolescents

青少年的身心发展特点是对其进行思想道德建设的心理学依据。从青少年生理、认知和社会性等三个方面的发展变化特点而讨论青少年的身心发展特点 ,这是国际和国内心理学界的通行做法。青少年的生理发展不外是身体外形、内脏机能和性的成熟等三类变化。青少年的认知发展具有三大特点 :第一 ,抽象逻辑思维处于优势的地位 ;第二 ,辩证思维逐渐发展 ;第三 ,思维品质的表现隐含着矛盾。青少年社会性发展的实质 ,就是实现其社会化 ,这包括青少年社会认知、社会交往、性别角色差异、亲社会行为。

The physiological and mental characteristics of the adolescents are the starting-point for their ideological and moral educations. Methodologically, it is a common practice to look into the characteristics of their development from the perspective of their physiological, cognitive and social development. First, the physiological development of the adolescents is nothing more than the changes in their body, viscera and sexual maturation. But their cognitive development is characterized with the three features. (1) Their abstract logical thinking is preponderant compared with other stages of life. (2) Their dialectical thinking lies in a process of gradual development. And (3) there are contradictions concealed in the representation of their thinking traits. However, the essence of their social development is their socialization that includes the developments in their social cognition, social interaction, sexual role, pro-social behaviors, attachment, ego and others.