中国传统社会民法缺失的法律文化分析

Analysis on Legal Culture of Lacking Civil Law in Traditional Chinese Society

中国传统社会的法律文化,其特征分别表现为集团权力本位,注重法律的惩罚功能和对法的本质认识上的“法自君出”观念。这种特征的法律文化,与民法的形成和存在所需求的以个人权利为本位、以保障人民自由为功能、以理性为法律建构的灵魂的法律文化存在着根本的背离和冲突,在这样的传统法律文化背景之下不可能产生真正的民法。

Legal culture in traditional Chinese society shows many characteristics. Its essence is group power, its function is stressing on punishment and its tenet is “law only coming from emperor’s ambition”. This kind of legal culture conflicts with the true legal culture whose essence is individual rights, function is to protect people’s freedom and soul is the reason as the core of legal construction. These characteristics show the formation and existence of civil law. So, in such traditional legal culture, true civil law could not be developed.