早孕反应的相关心理社会因素研究

Research on psychosocial factors related to nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

目的试图对影响早孕反应的各种心理社会因素进行系统研究。方法以基本情况调查表、症状自评量表、艾森克个性问卷、简易应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表为工具,对符合初中以上文化程度、怀孕在12～16周之间的初产孕妇130名进行了调查,统计方法包括方差分析、χ2检验和回归分析。结果孕早期妇女的整体心理健康水平有所下降,年龄、文化程度、身体状况和对胎儿性别的态度与早孕反应的严重程度有关,不同反应程度的孕妇在个性特征、应对方式和社会支持上存在显著差异,情绪的稳定性、积极的应对方式和文化程度是对早孕反应较有影响的心理社会因素。结论早孕反应受一定的心理社会因素的影响,为我们对孕早期妇女进行心理调适和干预提供了理论依据。

Objective To research the psychosocial factors' influence on nausea and vomiting of pregnaney (NVP systemically).Methods The research tools were questionnaires of basic information designed independently including SCL-90, EPQ,SCSQ and SSRS. One hundred and thirty primiparous women between 12～16 weeks of pregnancy have been received education at least in junior middle school were selected as the research subjects.Results The mental health of the pregnant women were worse than that of nonpregnant women. The age, levels of education ,health conditions,attitude towards baby's sex of the pregnant women affected the severity of their NVP. There were significant differences in the severity of NVP among different characters, coping styles and social supports of the pregnant women. And the stability of mood, positive response and levels of education were the main psychosocial factors that influenced the NVP levels of the pregnant women.Conclusion The research hints that the NVP of pregnant women is influenced by some psychosocial factors, which provides a theoretical basis of psychological adjustment and intervention for the pregnant women in early stage.