小浪底大坝心墙中高孔隙水压力的研究

Study on high pore pressure in clay core wall of earth dam in Xiaolangdi Project

土石坝的施工会在大坝心墙和地基中产生超静孔隙水压力。对于高土石坝,施工期心墙防渗体内产生的超静孔隙水压力难以有效消散,因此坝体内部可能会出现较高的孔隙水压力,这对大坝的稳定性和安全性将产生重要影响。黄河小浪底大坝坝高154m,是目前国内已建最高的心墙土石坝。本文利用基于Biot理论和剑桥模型的有限元固结程序对该大坝进行了二维平面应变固结分析,计算施工期及坝体竣工后心墙内的孔隙水压力。计算发现,坝体竣工时心墙中将出现较高的孔隙水压力,最大值为1250kPa,是上覆盖土重的62 5%,长期的观测资料也发现心墙内的孔隙水压力比较高。对比实测数据和有限元计算结果,发现小浪底心墙中出现最大的孔隙水压力可达1400kPa,而且实测消散速度要远小于有限元预测结果。这一结果充分说明高土石坝中可能产生较高的孔隙水压力,对此应予以足够的重视。

The pore pressure in the clay core wall of earth dam in Xiaolangdi Project was analyzed by using 2-D consolidation finite element program based on the Boit theory and Campbridge clay model. The calculation result shows that the maximum pressure was about 1250 kPa during the completion of the dam at height of 154 m. The monitoring data also reveal that this high pore pressure has very low dissipation rate. This excess pore pressure may have unfavorable influence on the safety of the dam.