作物矮化基因与GA信号转导途径

Dwarfing Genes and GA Signal Transduction Pathway in Crops

矮化性状的利用,显著提高了小麦和水稻等作物的产量,从而引发了上世纪发生的响誉全球的"绿色革命"。一些控制矮化性状的基因已相继克隆,这些矮化基因的功能在于干扰植物激素-赤霉素(GA)的作用和合成,从而使植株表现为矮化。小麦Rht基因编码生长阻遏物,其功能可被GA所抑制。水稻sd1基因编码GA生物合成途径中的缺陷型酶,即GA20-氧化酶(GA20ox。GA亦可使sd1隐性突变体植株高度恢复正常。

The application of dwarfing traits has greatly increased the yields of wheat, rice and other crops, leading to the 'Green Revolution' occurred around the world in the last century. So far, several genes responsible for dwarfing traits have been cloned. The dwarfing genes showed a function to interfere with the action or biosynthesis of the gilbberellin (GA) plant hormones. Wheat Rht genes encode growth repressers and their functions could be normally suppressed by GA. Rice sd1 gene encodes a defective enzyme (GA20ox)with the key role in the GA-biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, the recessive mutation of rice sdl can be restored to normal height by application of GA.