植物基因工程在作物育种中的应用与展望

Application and Prospect of Plant Genetic Engineering in Crop Breeding

从抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂、抗逆以及品质改良、改善发育状况、提高光合作用和固氮效率等方面论述了基因工程在作物育种中的具体应用和进展,阐述了基因工程改良作物品种的方法和优点。通过植物基因工程获得的转基因作物主要有大豆、玉米、棉花、油菜和烟草,并开始大面积应用于农业生产,取了得较好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。分析了植物基因工程在作物育种中广阔前景,有望培育出高产优质、集高光效、抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂和抗逆等特性于一体的作物新品种。解决了人类所面临的资源短缺、环境恶化和效益衰退的三大难题,为农业的持续、稳定发展提供了有力保障。

This paper introduced the study on insect resistance, disease resistance, weedicide resistance, stress tolerance, improving quality, improving development, increasing photosynthesis and efficiency of azotification in crop breeding, and expatiated methods and benefits of gene engineering in improving crop variety. The important crops acquired by gene engineering have included soybean, maize, cotton, rapeseed and tobacco. These crops have been planted in agricultural production and acquired enormous benefits of economy, society and environment. Analyzed the prospect of genetic engineering in crop breeding and hope to cultivate special crop variety. The problems of scarce resource, deteriorating environment and declining benefit have been solved, insured persistence and stabilization of agricultural development.