利用花药培养快速创制小麦条锈病和黄矮病抗性新种质

Rapid Development of New Wheat Germplasms Resistant to Stripe Rust and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus via Anther Culture

利用中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)与普通小麦杂交育成的部分双二倍体——中5为外源抗性基因供体,通过花药培养途径,在它与几个冬小麦品种的5个杂交组合中,诱导出试管花粉绿苗144株,移栽加倍后,形成了49个加倍单倍体株系。通过小麦条锈病和黄矮病抗性鉴定获得了几个高抗黄矮病或者对条锈病近免疫的新材料。其中DH728对条锈病菌近免疫,2n=44,减数分裂构型为0.070Ⅳ+0.035Ⅲ+21.579Ⅱ+0.456Ⅰ,为双体异附加系;DH549和DH554不但对条锈病菌近免疫,而且高抗黄矮病,2n均为46,减数分裂构型分别为0.068Ⅳ+0.053Ⅲ+22.659Ⅱ+0.386Ⅰ和0.074Ⅳ+0.011Ⅲ+22.579Ⅱ+0.516Ⅰ,两者均为异多附加系;DH718高抗黄矮病,2n=44+tt,减数分裂构型为0.019Ⅳ+21.871Ⅱ+0.889tt+0.222t。初步推定这些材料的条锈抗性和黄矮病抗性来源于它们中所附加的中间偃麦草染色体。田间观察、细胞学观察和抗性鉴定表明,这些材料都基本稳定,在抗病育种中可作为亲本材料加以利用。

Using Zhong 5, a partial amphiploid derived from a cross between wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium, as a disease resistance donor, 49 doubled haploid (DH) lines were obtained from five combinations of crosses between winter wheat and Zhong 5 via anther culture. Through assays for wheat stripe rust and Barly Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) resistance,a few disease resistant DH lines were selected, Among these lines, DH 728 was an alien disomic addition line which was nearly immune to Puccinia Striiformis. Its chromosome configuration in meiosis was 0.070 Ⅳ+0.035ⅢI+21.579Ⅱ+0.456Ⅰ. Both DH 549 and DH 554 were nearly immune to Puccinia Striiformis and resistant to BYDV. They both had 46 chromosomes with the configurations in meiosis of 0.068Ⅳ+0.053Ⅲ+22.659Ⅱ+0.386Ⅰ and 0.074Ⅳ+ 0.011Ⅲ+22.579Ⅱ+0.516Ⅰ respectively. DH718 was characterized to be resistant to BYDV, 2n = 44+tt, with chromosome configuration in meiosis of 0.019Ⅳ+21.871Ⅱ + 0.185Ⅰ+0.889tt+0.222t. The wheat stripe rust resistance and BYDV resistance were tentatively concluded to be conferred by the added nonwheat chromosomes. Field and cytological studies suggested that there DH lines were gentically stable and could be used as new germplasms in wheat breeding.