儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的家庭危险因素调查

Family risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

目的:了解儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(attentiondeficithyperactivitydisor-der,ADHD)的患病率及患病的家庭危险因素,为其防治提供依据。方法:使用自编的家庭情况调查表和小学生行为问卷,调查泉州市实验小学的1～6年级小学生1726名(回收1675份);根据美国精神障碍诊断统计手册第三版(DSM-Ⅲ-R)有关ADHD的诊断标准、辅以注意力缺陷测试仪和神经精神检查等手段确定ADHD病例,分析其家庭危险因素。结果:检出ADHD患者75名,检出率为4.48%,其中男生患病率(6.03%)明显高于女生(2.54%)(χ2=11.80,P<0.01),男生患病率随着年龄的增加有升高的趋势(χ2趋势=4.70,P<0.05),女生的情况则相反(χ2趋势=7.43,P<0.01);父亲或母亲的文化越低,子女的ADHD患病率越高(χ2趋势=6.96,P<0.05;χ2趋势=21.27,P<0.01);父亲或母亲为“干部”的,其子女ADHD患病率明显低于父亲或母亲为“非干部”的子女(χ2=4.69,P<0.05;χ2=12.5,P<0.01);男生ADDH患病的危险因素为12～13岁(P=0.0005)和母亲的职业为“非干部”(P=0.0295),而女生ADDH患病的危险因素为7～8岁(P=0.0000)、母亲的文化中学以下(P=0.0241)和父母的职业为“非干部”(P=0.0024,P=0.0784)。结论:男生较女生有更高的患病率,男女学生有不同的ADDH高危因素,对(小学一年级)学习的不适应和?

AIM:To investigate the prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in children and family risk factors of ADHD so as to provide evidence for the treatment of ADHD. METHODS:Self made Pupil Behavior Questionnaire and Family Environment Questionnaire were applied among 1726 pupils of grade 1 to 6 in Quanzhou Experimental Elementary School,and 1675 shares of Questionnaires were reclaimed.The ADHD cases were diagnosed by employing the diagnostic criteria of American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Third Revised Edition(DSM Ⅲ R),Attention deficit Surveying Instrument and Neuropsychological Examination so as to analyze the family risk factors of ADHD.RESULTS:Totally 75 pupils were diagnosed for ADHD cases in the detection rate of 4.48%,and prevalence rate in boys(6.03%) was significantly higher than that in girls(2.54%)(χ2=11.80,P< 0.01).The older the pupils was,the higher was the prevalence rate of ADHD in boys(χ2tendency=4.70,P< 0.05),but the lower was in girls(χ2tendency=7.43,P< 0.01).The lower the fathers or mothers educated grade was,the higher was the prevalence rate of ADHD in children(χ2tendency=6.96,P< 0.05;χ2tendency=21.27,P< 0.01).The prevalence rate of ADHD in the children whose fathers or mothers were “cadres' was significantly lower than that in the children whose fathers or mothers were “non cadres'(χ2=4.69,P< 0.05;χ2=12.5,P< 0.01).The risk factors of ADDH were during 12 and 13 years old(P=0.000 5) and mother “non cadres' professions(P=0.029 5) in the boys.The risk factors of ADDH were during 7 and 8 years olds(P=0.000 0),mothers' educated grade under middle education(P=0.024 1) and father or mother “non cadres' professions(P=0.002 4,P=0.078 4) in the girls.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of ADHD in schoolboys was significantly higher than that in the schoolgirls.The risk factors of ADDH are different between the boys and the girls.The maladjustment to study in grade 1 of primary school raises prevalence rate of ADHD in pupils,and so does the heavy study burden.There is significant relation between prevalence rate of ADHD and parental(especially maternal) educated grades and professions.So,it should pay enough attention and intervention when ADHD is diagnosed and treated.