不同性别和年级的临床医学生心理健康状况及影响因素

Influencing factors of mental health status of clinical medical students with different sexes in different grades

目的:探讨临床医学生心理健康状况及影响因素,为改善临床医学生的心理状况提供依据。方法:采用青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、应对方式问卷(CSQ)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)及症状自评表(SCL-90),对中山大学450名临床医学生进行测查。结果:心理问题检出率0.44%～4.22%,依次是强迫、精神病性、抑郁等;除敌对外,躯体化、强迫、人际敏感和抑郁,女生得分显著高于男生(t=1.967～3.538,P<0.01);3个年级在强迫、人际敏感、躯体化、抑郁、偏执和焦虑上差异有显著性(F=14.81～89.34,P均<0.001);生活事件、应对方式、情绪稳定、神经质、SCL-90各因子间,存在显著性相关(r=0.120～0.442,-0.175～-0.307;P<0.01);学习压力、健康与适应、情绪、内外向及积极应对心理健康影响大。结论:在年级、性别间,临床医学生心理问题存在差异和特点,就其心理健康而言,生活事件、应对方式和人格特征既有直接的影响,又存在交互作用。

AIM:To study the mental health status and its influencing factors in clinical medical students in order to provide foundation to improve the mentality of clinical medical students.METHODS:Totally 450 clinical medical students from Sun Yat sen University were assessed with adolescent self rating life events checklist(ASLEC),coping style questionnaire(CSQ),Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ) and symptom checklist 90 scale(SCL 90).RESULTS:The rates of psychological symptoms were 0.44%to 4.22%,they were in turn compulsion, mental sickness, depression,etc,and male were inferior to female on the factor scores of somatization,compulsion,interpersonal sensitivity and depression except rivalry(t=1.967 to 3.538,P< 0.01). There were significant differences in compulsion,interpersonal sensitivity,somatization,depression,crankiness and anxiety among the three grades(F=14.81 to 89.34,P< 0.001).There was significant correlation among the factor scores of SCL 90 and life events,coping style,steady emotion,neuroticism(r=0.120 to 0.442,-0.175 to -0.307;P< 0.01).Multiple regression showed that stress of learn,health and adaptation,emotion,introversion or extroversion,and active coping style had the predictive value for the mental health status.CONCLUSION:There are significant differences and characteristics in clinical medical students with different sexes in different grades.For the mental health,there are direct effects and interaction among life events,coping style and personality.