非独生高中生心理健康状况及其影响因素

Mental health and the contributing factors in non-only children in senior high schools

目的:探讨非独生高中生的心理健康状况,并分析相关的影响因素。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)及艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对356例非独生高中生进行调查,并与独生学生(n=162)的结果做比较。结果:非独生高中生的心理健康水平明显低于独生的学生,表现在症状自评量表的躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖和精神病性因子得分(0.69±0.56;1.25±0.61;0.97±0.60;0.86±0.62;0.90±0.55)明显高于独生学生(0.59±0.44;1.10±0.56;0.84±0.59;0.66±0.49;0.75±0.43),差异有显著性(t=-3.824～-2.235,P<0.05～0.01)。相关分析显示非独生学生SCL-90各因子评分与不成熟防御方式、消极的应对方式及情绪稳定性呈显著正相关(r=0.246～0.650,P<0.01);而与积极应对方式、个性内外向呈显著负相关(r=-0.110～-0.330,P<0.05～0.01)。逐步回归分析显示,不成熟、中间型与成熟防御方式、消极应对方式、个性内外向、情绪稳定性共6个变量影响非独生学生的心理健康(R2=0.276～0.532,P均=0.000)。结论:非独生高中生的心理健康状况较差,应根据他们各自的特点有针对性地进行心理健康教育,以提高他们的心理健康水平。

AIM: To investigate the mental health of senior high school students who are the non-only children, and analyze its related contributing factors. METHODS: A sample of 356 non-only child senior high school students were assessed with symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), defense style questionnaire(DSQ), simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), and then the results were compared with those of only child students (n=162). RESULTS: Non-only child senior high school students had obviously lower mental health levels than the only child students, it was manifested that they had significantly higher scores in somatization, interpersonal sensitivity,depression, panic and psychoticism(0.69±0.56,1.25±0.61,0.97±0.60, 0.86±0.62, 0.90±0.55)than the only child students(0.59±0.44, 1.10±0.56, 0.84±0.59, 0.66±0.49, 0.75±0.43)(t=-3.824 to -2.235, P< 0.05 to 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the scores of every factor in SCL-90 had significant positive correlation with immature defense style, passive coping style and emotional stability(r=0.246 to 0.650, P< 0.01), while had significant negative correlation with active coping style and introversive and extroversive personalities(r=-0.110 to -0.330, P< 0.05 to 0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the six variables of immature, intermedia and mature defensive styles, passive coping style, introversive and extroversive personalities, emotional stability could affect the mental health of the non-only child senior high school student (R2=0.276 to 0.532,P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Mental health in non-only child senior high school students is worse than that in only child students. Mental health education should be given according to their own characteristics in order to improve their mental health level.