郑州城区老年人物质生活状况与心理健康的关系

Relationship between material life status and mental health of elderly people in Zhengzhou urban area

目的:分析郑州城区老年人物质生活状况与心理健康的关系,以便提出提高老年人保健水平的对策。方法:采用中国科学院心理研究所编制的老年心理健康问卷和自制物质生活状况问卷,对郑州城区1200例老年人进行入户调查。结果:不同年龄组的老年人在物质生活的社区服务、睡眠与精力、生活环境、经济状况方面差异有显著性意义(F=5.7266～3.9028,P<0.05),在住房、身体不适感方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。男、女性老年人之间在物质生活的各方面差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);不同学历的老年人在物质生活的住房、社区服务、生活环境、身体不适感、经济状况方面差异有显著性意义(F=11.43338～4.6977,P<0.05),在睡眠与精力方面差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。从事过不同职业的老年人在住房、社区服务、生活环境、经济状况方面差异有显著性意义(F=13.8595～3.2265,P<0.05),在睡眠与精力、身体不适感方面差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);物质生活状况中的生活环境与心理健康的总分和各分量表分均呈显著正相关(r=0.1656～0.4291,P<0.05)。结论:郑州城区老年人的物质生活状况受文化程度、职业、年龄的影响较大,而不受性别影响;物质生活状况中的生活环境与心理健康的总分和各分量表分均相关。

AIM:To analyze the relationship between material life status and mental health of the elderly people in Zhengzhou urban area,so as to provide countermeasures for the improvement of the health level for the elder. METHODS:Totally 1 200 elderly residents in Zhengzhou urban area were interviewed at home with a self-designed material life questionnaire and mental health inventory for the Chinese elderly by the Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences. RESULTS:There were significant differences in community service,sleep and energy,living environment,economic status among the elderly people of different age groups(F=5.726 6 to 3.902 8,P< 0.05),but had no significant difference in housing, unwell feeling of body(P >0.05).There were no significant difference in all factors of material life between males and females(P >0.05).Significant differences in housing,community service,living environment,unwell feeling of body,economic status were found among the elderly subjects with different educational background(F=11.433 38 to 4.697 7,P< 0.05),but sleep and energy had no significant difference (P >0.05).There were significant differences in housing,community service,living environment and economic status among the elderly subjects engaged in different professions(F=13.859 5 to 3.226 5,P< 0.05),while no significant differences were found in sleep and energy,and unwell feeling of body(P >0.05).The living environment in material life status had significant positive correlations with the total score and subscale scores of mental health(r=0.165 6 to 0.429 1,P< 0.05). CONCLUSION:The material life status of the elderly people in Zhengzhou urban area is greatly affected by educational background,profession, age,but is not influenced by gender.The living environment in material life status has significant positive correlations with the total score and subscale scores of mental health.