海洛因成瘾者应付方式、社会支持及人格特征的分析

Coping styles and social support as well as personality characteristics of heroin addicts

目的:了解海洛因成瘾者的应付方式、人格状况、心理健康以及社会支持状况。方法:研究对象为2003-02/2004-08在广东省某强制戒毒所收治的戒毒人员,使用应付方式问卷,社会支持评定量表,艾森克人格问卷以及SCL-90,对133名海洛因成瘾者(吸毒组)和正常对照组进行评估。结果:应付方式中,吸毒组在幻想、自责、求助、合理化、解决问题、退避分量表得分分别为(0.481±0.160),(0.503±0.210),(0.423±0.170),(0.470±0.180),(0.635±0.200),(0.555±0.200)分,解决问题,求助得分均低于对照组,而在自责、幻想、退避、合理化上则均高于对照组;艾森克人格问卷中,内外向、神经质犤(11.55±4.30),(16.47±4.56)分犦均高于对照组犤(9.85±4.36),(10.81±4.45)分犦,而精神质和社会掩饰性犤(7.85±3.04),(11.54±3.89)分犦则与对照组犤(7.86±3.05),(11.75±3.55)分犦相近;社会支持量表中,主客观支持分犤(19.77±4.80),(6.73±2.73)分犦均低于对照组犤(21.97±5.81),(9.03±2.79)分犦,而在SCL-90中,所有分值均高于对照组一个平均分。结论:海洛因成瘾者倾向使用退避、自责和幻想的不成熟应付方式,心理存在严重问题,情绪不稳定,社会支持不良。

AIM:To investigate the status of coping style,personality situation,mental health and social support in heroin addicts. METHODS:Totally 133 heroin addicts(study group) in a forced drug rehabilitation center of Guangdong provinceand normal controls were tested with coping style questionnaire, social support questionnaire,Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ) and symptom checklist-90(SCL-90) from January 2003 to August 2004. RESULTS:The scores of solving problem and seeking for help subscales in coping style were lower in the study group(0.635±.200, 0.423±0.170) than in the control group, while those of self-blame,illusion,withdrawal and rationalization were higher in the study group(0.503±0.210,0.481±0.160,0.555±0.200,0.470±0.180) than in the control group.In EPQ, the scores of extraversion and introversion(E) and neuroticism(N) in the study group(11.55±4.30,16.47±4.56) were higher than those in the control group(9.85±4.36,10.81±4.45),while the scores of psychoticism(P) and lie(L) were close between the study group(7.85±3.04,11.54±3.89) and control group(7.86±3.05,11.75±3.55).The subjective and objective supportive scores of social support questionnaire were lower in the study group(6.73±2.73,19.77±4.80)than in the control group(9.03±2.79,21.97±5.81).All the SCL-90 scores in the study group were all one average score higher than those in the control group. CONCLUSION:Heroin addicts tend to adopt the immature coping styles to face their problems, such as withdrawal,self-blame and illusion; all of them have serious mental health problems,emotional instability and bad social support.