酒精发酵玉米饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和延边牛血液生理指标及屠宰性能的影响

Effect of alcohol-fermented corn diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, blood physiological parameters and slaughtering performance of Yanbian cattle

通过活体外发酵试验 (试验 1)和育肥屠宰试验 (试验 2 )评价饲喂酒精发酵玉米饲粮对活体外瘤胃发酵和延边育肥牛血液生理指标及屠宰性能的影响。结果表明 ,与未发酵玉米饲粮 (CK1)相比 ,酒精发酵玉米饲粮(AFCD)干物质消化率 (DMD)没有差异 (P >0 5 ) ,但细胞壁消化率 (NDFD)提高了 9 7个百分点 (P <0 0 0 6 )。 72h产气量与理论最大产气量低于CK1(P >0 12 ) ,但产气速度高于CK1(P <0 0 6 ) ,且产气延滞期低于CK1(P <0 0 4 )。AFCD对瘤胃发酵 pH、NH3 N含量、各种挥发酸和乙酸与丙酸的摩尔比等指标无显著影响 (P >0 1)。酒精发酵饲料饲喂延边育肥牛的血液生理指标及屠宰性能结果表明 ,饲喂AFCD的延边育肥牛血液葡萄糖水平升高(P <0 0 1) ,但血清总清蛋白、总脂肪、血钙和血磷含量无显著变化 (P >0 0 6 ) ,屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积分别提高了 8 33% ,11 4 3%和 7 0 2 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,肌肉不饱和脂肪酸 (P <0 1)和脂肪含量 (P <0 0 1)有提高 ,但必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸总量无显著变化 (P >0 1)。说明饲喂酒精发酵玉米饲粮可以改善延边牛肉质。

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding alcohol-fermented corn on in vitro rumen fermentation, blood physiological parameters and slaughtering performance of Yanbian cattle. Two diets containing alcohol-fermented corn (AFCD) or regular corn (CK1) were used as treatments. In Expt. 1, in vitro gas production method was used to compare the influence of AFCD and CK1 diets on rumen fermentation traits. The result showed that AFCD had no change in the dry matter digestibility (P>0.5), but had 9.7 percentages of NDF digestibility higher than CK1 diet (P<0.006). Although 72h gas production (GP) and potential GP of AFCD were quantitatively lower (P>0.12), AFCD had faster rate of GP (P<0.06) and shorter lag time (P<0.04) than the CK1 diet. AFCD treatment unaffected (P>0.1) in vitro rumen pH value, ammonia concentration, total VFA production and individual VFA proportion. In Expt. 2, six Yanbian Yellow steers averaging 280kg of body weight were used in a feeding (12 weeks) and slaughtering trial to determine the effect of feeding AFCD diet on the blood physiological parameters and the slaughtering performance. Feeding AFCD diet resulted in higher content of serum glucose (P<0.01), whereas the concentration of total blood albumen, lipids, calcium and phosphate in serum did not differ (P>0.06) between AFCD and CK1 diet. Dressing percentage, net meat rate and rib eye areas of cattle fed AFCD increased 8.33%, 11.43% and 7.02% (P<0.05), respectively. The cattle fed AFCD had increased content of carcass fat (P<0.01) and unsaturated fatty acids (P<0.1), unchanged amount of total essential or non-essential amino acids (P>0.1) of longissimus muscle, indicating a beneficial effect of feeding alcohol fermented corn on beef quality of Yanbian cattle.