广东荔枝生产特点与产业发展分析

Analysis of lychee production characters and industry developing in Guangdong

广东荔枝生产特点主要有:a.产区相对集中,茂名市是广东省荔枝主产区,占全省栽培面积46.03%、产量38.29%;b.主栽品种产能大,荔枝主产区茂名市白腊和黑叶两个主栽荔枝品种栽培面积占全市的80%,产量占全市的83.0%;c.荔枝产品上市周期短,黑叶荔枝从湛江市到荔枝北缘产区只有约2个月的上市期;d.荔枝生产单位户多规模小,如广东茂名根子镇荔枝栽培面积为0.41万hm2,荔枝生产单位有135户,每户荔枝栽培面积大都为几公顷,6.7hm2以上属荔枝生产大户等。这些特点的存在会加剧行业竞争,在荔枝标准化栽培和生态型商品基地建设、荔枝采后工业化处理、荔枝生产经营制度创新等方面促使荔枝产业的升级,使荔枝产品朝向个性化产品和共性化产品两个方向发展。

The characters of lychee production in Guangdong are: a. cultivation acreage and production of lychee concentrating relatively in several districts. Maoming city is the largest area of lychee production that the percentages of lychee cultivation acreage and production in 2002 were 46.03% and 38.29% ; b. the lychee main variety constituting dominant proportion of the whole lychee production. the percentages of 'heiye' and 'baila' cultivation acreage and production in Maoming city in 2003 were 80% and 83.0%; c. the period of lychee on market being short. the period of 'heiye' lychee on market from Zhanjiang city to northern districts of lychee production is about 2-month; d. the number of lychee production unit being large, but the scale per unit being small. The cultivation acreage of lychee in Genzi town, Maoming city in 2003 was 4.1khm2, but the number of lychee production unit was upto 135. All these characters of lychee production will cause competition inside lychee industry, to promote progresses in lychee standard cultivation, commodity base in ecological districts, fruit preparation for marketing and managerial system improvement, and to lead lychee industry into two developing modes of individual product and general product.