迁飞过程中昆虫的行为

Behavior of airborne insects in their migratory process: a review

根据国内外对昆虫迁飞的雷达观测结果,综述了迁飞过程中昆虫的成层、定向和集聚行为及其生态学意义。昆虫在迁飞过程中不完全是被动地随风飘流,而是在一定程度上自主地选择了自己的运行轨迹。它们选择在气温最高、风力最大和风向最适的高度成层,并通过定向进一步修饰位移方位,从而可最大限度地利用空气动力到达新的栖息地。同时,不同尺度的大气辐合过程使得迁飞昆虫集聚成足以在某种条件下引起局地爆发的高密度种群,而地面大发生种群形成与否取决于大气辐合的发生频率、强度和寿命,以及集聚起来的昆虫是否降落,在何时何地降落,是否还会再迁出等。阐明昆虫在迁飞过程中的各种行为机制是迁飞性害虫测报和防治的关键所在。

This paper gives a review on the behavior of airborne insects in their migratory process and its ecological significance. Airborne insects are not simply passive drivers in the air,but can actively select their driving routes in some extents. They usually form a dense layer at the bights with higher temprature, stronger wind speed and better wind direction, and orient to a special azimuth to modify their displacements. Therefore, it seems that they have the ability to make the best use of kinetic energy of atmosphere to seek and find new habitats. Moreover, they are frequently concentrated by various scales of horizontal atmospheric convergence, which can accumulated the airborne migrants to an outbreak -density. But,whether or not the concentrated insects can form a outbreak population on crops will depend on the frequency,strength and lifetime of atmospheric convegence,the mechanism of landing(whether,when and where) and the re-emigration. Understanding the behavior of airborne insects in their migratory process is essensial for forecasting and controlling these insect pests.