抗高血压药物对血压正常的冠心病患者心血管事件的影响——CAMELOT研究:随机对照试验
摘要
背景:抗高血压药物对血压正常的冠状动脉病(coronary artery disease,CAD)患者心血管事件的影响仍未明确。目的:在CAD患者比较氨氯地平或依那普利与安慰剂对心血管事件的影响。设计、地点和参试者:双盲、随机、多中心临床试验。试验为期24个月(入选日期1999年4月至2002年4月)。试验在1991例血管造影证实有CAD(冠状动脉造影显示血管狭窄>20%)且舒张压<100mmHg的患者对氨氯地平或依那普利与安慰剂的作用进行了比较。通过血管内超声(intravascular ultrasound,IVUS)测量了274例亚研究患者动脉粥样硬化的进展。干预:患者随机接受氨氯地平10mg、依那普利20mg或安慰剂。在基线和研究结束时进行IVUS检查。主要观察指标:主要(一级)疗效指标是与安慰剂组比较氨氯地平组心血管事件的发生率。其他结果包括氨氯地平与依那普利比较以及依那普利与安慰剂的比较。事件包括心血管死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、心脏骤停复苏术、冠状动脉血管重建、因心绞痛入院、因充血性心力衰竭入院、致死性或非致死性脑卒中、短暂脑缺血发作以及新诊断的周围血管疾病。IVUS终点为动脉粥样硬化斑块体积百分比的变化。结果:基线时所有患者的平均血压为129/78mmHg;安慰剂组血压升高0.7/0.6mmHg,氨氯地平组和依那普利组分别降低4.8/2.5mmHg和4.9/2.4mmHg(与安慰剂组比较,两组P值均<0.001)。安慰剂组151例(23.1%)患者发生心血管事件,氨氯地平组110例(16.6%;风险比[hazard ratio,HR],0.69;95%,CI,0.54—0.88[P=0.003]),依那普利组136例(20.2%;HR,0.85;95%,CI,0.67~1.07[P=0.16])。依那普利组与氨氯地平组比较一级终点事件无显著差异(HR,0.81;95%CI,0.63~1.04[P=0.10])。IVUS亚研究显示,与安慰剂组比较,氨氯地平组有动脉粥样硬化进展较缓的趋势(P=0.12),在收缩压高于均值的亚组,氨氯地平则可显著延缓动脉粥样硬化的进展(P=0.02)。IVUS显示,与基线时比较,安慰剂组动脉粥样硬化明显进展(P<0.001),依那普利组有进展趋势(P=0.08),而氨氯地平组则没有进展(P=0.31)。氨氯地平组血压降低与动脉粥样硬化进展之间的相关性为r=0.19,P=0.07。结论:对血压正常的CAD患者,氨氯地平治疗可减少心血管不良事件的发生。采用依那普利治疗也有类似趋势,但是幅度较小且无显著性。IVUS所示证据表明,氨氯地平可延缓动脉粥样硬化的进展。
出处
《美国医学会杂志(中文版)》
2005年第1期3-11,共9页
The Journal of the American Medical Association(Chinese Edition)
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