原油碱水乳化活性组分研究

THE SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES RESPONSIBLE FOR EMULSIFICATION OF CRUDE OILS BY AQUEOUS ALKALI

对河南油田三种原油中的有机酸和非酸含氧化合物进行了分离鉴定并研究了它们在碱水乳化中的作用。有机酸是引起各原油碱水乳化的活性物质,非酸含氧化合物本身无碱水乳化活性,但对有机酸的乳化活性有协同作用。

The oxygen-containing substances are obtained from three viscous crude oils of Henan Oil Fields by a solvent extraction procedure and separated on chromatographic column into hydrocarbons, acids, non-acids, and heavier substances fractions. The fraction mixed acids are shown to be the main surface-active substances for the emulsification of crudes by aqueous alkali and the fraction non-acids can only promote and enhance the emulsification. By combined CG-MS analyses of these two fractions 34 organic acid (including normal and isomeric, saturated and unsaturated (only one), C9-C31 aliphatic, naphtenic, aromatic and patchulanic) and more than 20 non-acids (including isophthalates, terephthalate, sebacate, phenols, polycyclic ketons, and organic silaxanes and silicon derivatives) are identified and are quantitafied for acids and for non-acids from one crude. The alkaline-emulsification behavior of the crudes is discussed in connexion with the species and varieties of the acids and non-acids existed in one or other crude.