中国大陆多年冻土线空间分布基本特征

BASIC FEATURES OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE LIMITSOF PERMAFROST IN CHINA

本文主要根据多年冻土与气候参数的相关关系,结合现代多年冻土分布,依据我国104个气候台站的气象数据,计算出年平均温度、年较差和多年冻土线理论海拔高度,研究我国多年冻土线空间分布特征。中国大陆多年冻土线高程明显受高度地带性和纬度地带性控制,自北向南海拔高度逐渐增大。东部地区的多年冻土线高程从东北的<1200m,至海口附近增到5700m;西北地区的多年冻土高程从阿尔泰山的2600m,至昆仑山增至4500m左右,要比东部同纬度的冻土线高出1400～800m;青藏高原的多年冻土线高程基本上稳定在4500～5000m。在此基础上,进而探讨了中国现代气候多年冻土线与气候雪线之间的关系。

In this paper,according to the correlation between the permafrost and climatic elements,combined with distribution of the modern permafrost in China,the annual mean temperature,annual temperature range and heights of the limit of permafrost have been calculated and studied on the basis of the meteorological data obtained from 104 weather stations in China.The altitudes of spatial distribution of the limits of permafrost are obviously controlled by changes in altitude and latitude,and inoreose from north to south.The limit of permafrost in eastern China rises from <1200 m in Northeast China to (5700 m) in the Haikou area,Hainan;that in northwestern China rises from 2600 m in the Altay Mountains to 4500 m in the Kunlun Mountains,being 1400-800 m higher than that at the same latitudes in eastern China.The heights of the limit of permafrost are essentially maintained at 4500-5000 m on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Lastly,the relations between the climatic limit of permafrost and modern climatic snowline are discussed.