伪证罪研究

The Study on Crime of Perjury

诉讼作为解决社会纠纷的一种重要机制,它所依赖的是过去已经发生的事实,因此,能在多大程度上"还原"过去的事实,便成为能否作出公正判决的一个关键。证人的证言作为一种对过去已经发生过的事实的回溯性描述。其真实性历来就受到人们的特别关注。从神明审判、火审、水审到"五听断狱",从西方申世纪的刑具到现代的测谎仪,无不反映了人们对证人证言真实性的追求与规制。现代各国的法律在规定证人的作证义务时,并没有都在刑法典申规定对拒绝作证者的刑事责任,但却几乎毫无例外的规定对故意作伪证者必须处以刑罚。但是,我国刑法所規定的伪证罪在适用范围、犯罪主体及主观方面都存在着缺陷,理论上对它的客体、真伪判断标准也存在着争论,本文拟对其作一较深入探讨。

The litigation depends on all happened facts to settle people's disputes. Therefore, ensuring the authenticity of evidences is the key to make an indifferent judgment. Many measures are adopted to ensure the authenticity of evidences. The crime of perjury prescribed in criminal law is one of the measures. However, there are faults on the scope, subjects and subjective aspects of the crime of perjury in Criminal Law of the People' s Republic of China. In theory, there are controversies about its objects and standards of judging the authenticity.