最后的晚餐——国有企业主辅分离、改制分流方案设计中的几个理论与实际问题

The Last Supper

主辅分离、改制分流是国家为了推进国企改革又一次无所不用其极的举措。说859号文是国有企业和国企职工的最后一顿晚餐可谓形象深刻之至。有这顿晚餐垫底儿,改制企业今后在市场经济的大风大浪中什么样的晚餐、午餐、早餐都自己去找食儿吃了。他们能行吗?不行怎么办?不行也得行!主辅分离、改制分流的具体方案设计中存在着一系列思想障碍需要理论上的突破,然而在马克思主义经典著作中找不到现成的答案,在前苏联东欧社会主义国家的改革实践中没有什么可借鉴的成功经验。相反,西方经济学理论和发达国家通行的做法、惯例的丰富内容,作为人类共同的财富,却有极重要的借鉴意义。本文还讨论了国企改制方案设计中的三个难点问题:净资产处置方案、职工分流安置方案以及管理层、骨干员工和职工持股方案。

The 859 document issued by eight national departments on November 18, 2002 was considered a far-reaching breakthrough of State-owned enterprises (SOE) reform. This meant employees of SOE must survive by themselves in marketing economy, which was the inevitable result in when SOE restructured. Now, the rising level of unemployment is testing the government's ability to generate the over 20 million new jobs needed each year to cover natural increase in the workforce, surplus farm labor and the jobs needed for workers made idle as a result of the restructuring of SOE.