索绪尔语言理论的经济学背景

The Economic Background of Saussurean Linguistics

本文通过对索绪尔的有关学术思想与索氏同时代的经济学思潮的对比和分析 ,推定索绪尔的语言价值学说 ,组合、聚合学说及共时、历时理论的形成都不同程度地受到当时德国、法国、瑞士及奥地利等国家的经济学家的学术思想的影响或启示。文章还进一步分析了在借鉴经济学思想为语言学研究所用上 ,索绪尔留给后人的启示和缺憾 ,并预言现代西方经济学思想将会为现代语言学的言语及言语行为研究提供更多。

A connection between Saussure's linguistics and the western economics at his time has been suggested in the present paper.The writer of this paper holds the view that Saussurean linguistic theories, such as value theory,syntagmatic and paradigmatic theory as well as synchronic and diachronic theory were developed at least in part from the economic theories of“the Old Historical School”and “the New Historical School”founded by German economists W.G.F.Roscher and G. von Schmoller respectively and “the Marginal Utility School”initiated by the Swiss economist Léon Walras,the Austrian economist Carl Menger and the British economist W.S.Jevons. Besides,the author holds that modern western economic theories are of greater value to the linguistic study of human speech and speech behavior.