嵌段共聚物自组装模板——构造纳米结构的一种新方法

A New Route Toward Fabrication of Nano-Structure: Block Copolymers Self-Assembly Template

纳米结构的构造在整个纳米科技中有着特殊重要的意义.如何低成本、大规模地实现纳米结构材料的控制合成与组装一直是纳米加工中的热点问题.高分子嵌段共聚物分子结构独特,包含着热力学不相容的不同高分子嵌段,并由化学键相连.通过控制外界条件,嵌段共聚物可以自组装成高度规则的超分子结构,特征尺寸为10 nm-100 nm.以嵌段共聚物膜自组装相分离图案为模板,或把这种图案复制到其它材料上,通过刻蚀等技术可以制备纳米结构模板,再经纳米铸造得到相应结构的纳米材料和纳米器件.文中主要介绍嵌段共聚物自组装模板的原理、模板图案的调控方法和模板应用,并详细阐述了各自的发展状况.

The constitution of nano-structure has attracted special interest recently. How to produce materials with nano-structure at low cost and large scale is the hot problem of nano-machining. The block copolymers with unique structure consist of two kinds of polymer blocks inconsistent in thermodynamics, which are joined by chemical bond. Thin films of block copolymers can be self-assembled into highly regular structure with dimensions ranging from 10 mm to 100 nm. These materials with abundant microdomain patterns can be used directly or act as a template for fabrication of nano-structure. This method might become one of the main ways for fabrication of nano/micro devices in the future. The principle of self-assembly of block copolymers and the application of self-assembled templates are discussed in detail.