北京高科技产业集聚过程及其影响因素

A Study on the Process,Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Beijing's Hi-Tech Industrial Agglomeration

结合欧美关于产业集聚研究的理论和实践,利用统计数据、问卷调查和企业访谈等相关资料,概括总结北京高科技产业集聚的过程、特征及其产业类型、空间过程、驱动力量、集群形成推动者、重要的创业支援机构、其他重要的形成因素和发展绩效。借助Porter的菱形构架(钻石体系),全面分析了北京高科技产业集聚的影响因素及其相互作用关系。独特的历史背景和初始状态在一定程度上决定了北京高科技产业集聚的形成。而在北京高科技产业集聚的发展中,政策驱动和外资驱动起到了重要作用。政府政策尤其是政府在营建官产学合作网络以及区域创新环境方面,极大地激励了北京高科技产业的集聚和发展。以跨国公司为代表的外资企业成为近年来北京高科技产业集聚的重要驱动力量。作者进一步提出探讨北京高科技产业集聚的形成原因时,要具有综合观点,特别是要结合区域自身特点来分析各影响要素的构成和具体作用。

Beijing has become one of the most important hi-tech industrial agglomeration areas of China now. Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration has its particular developing process and characteristics. Based on the European and American industrial agglomeration theories, using statistics data, and through questionnaire investigation and enterprise interview, this paper summarizes the process and characteristics of Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration, and also analyzes its industrial types, spatial evolvement process, driving power, driving factors of the cluster, supporting system, developing performance and other important influencing factors. Besides, based on the Diamond Theory of Michael Porter, the paper summarizes the factors influencing Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration and analyses the interaction among them. The particular historic background and original status decides the formation of Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration in some way. While, during the development of Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration, policies and foreign investment play key roles. Policies helping build cooperative network among the government, enterprises and research institutes and regional innovation environment accelerate the development of Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration greatly. And MNCs have also been the most important driving power of Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration these years. Finally, the paper puts forward that the formation of Beijing's hi-tech industrial agglomeration must be analyzed with a comprehensive view, and we should analyze the composition and specific functions of the influencing factors combined with Beijing's peculiarities.