白菜甘蓝种间杂种后代细胞质遗传及其利用前景探讨

The Cytoplasmic Inheritance Displayed in the Reciprocal Crosses between B.pekinensis and B.oleracea and Its Prospect in Utilization

利用杂交授粉后子房离体培养和胚培养获得了白菜与甘蓝的正反交杂种,对2种杂种后代进行了形态、染色体、同工酶分析。试验证明,这一对正反交杂种表现了细胞质遗传现象。利用甘蓝×白菜杂种与白菜(小青口)回交,试图通过回交将该杂种的甘蓝核基因置换掉,而仍保持回交后代的甘蓝细胞质基因组,迄今已获得回交5代种子。对其回交后代进行了品尝,表现出质地嫩脆,味道较甜。回交4代植株的结球性和株型已稍似小青口品种。

By means of in vitro ovary culture and embryo culture the authors obtained the F_1 hybrids of the reciprocal crosses between Brassica oleracea L. and Brassica pekinensis Rupr.Detailed studies were made on their morphology, chromosomology and isoenzyme analysis. After these studies the authors identified the cytoplasmic inheritance displayed in these interspecific offsprings. On the other hand the authors made backcrosses of the hybrids B. oleracea × B. pekinensis to B. pekinensis for 5 generations with the intention of replacing the B.oleracea chromosomes with those of the recurrent parent while retaining the B.oleracea cytoplasm. At every generation, the back-cross progenies were savored and tasted sweeter and tender. The 4th back- cross offspring looked completely like the back-cross parent (B.pekinensis cv.Xiaoqingkou, a traditional Chinese cabbage variety) but with the special agreeable flavor. A brief comment about the utilization of cytoplasmic inheritance in Chinese cabbage breeding was made in the text.