小学优生与差生完成系列回忆任务错误类型发展的实验研究

The Experiment on Error Pattern Made by High-score Students and Low-score Students of Primary School in Serial Tasks

主要探讨了小学优生与差生在完成系列回忆记忆任务时出现错误的发展情况。实验以小学一、三、五年级的学生作为被试 ,每年级优生与差生各 10名。以普通 (不形似 ,不近音 )、形似和近音三种类型汉字为实验材料 ,要求被试按材料呈现的顺序进行回忆。结果发现 :在完成系列回忆任务时 ,小学生表现出四种错误类型 ,错误率从高到低依次是 :移动错误、遗漏错误、侵入错误、重复错误。每一类型的错误率都是优生显著少于差生。研究还发现四种错误受材料特点的影响 ,即各年级小学生错误率从高到低近音字、形似字、普通字。

The study researched the errors made by high-score students and low-score students of primary school in serial tasks. The subjects of experiment ware students of grade one, grade three and grade five. There are half high score students and low score students on each grade. The experimental material ware normal Chinese characters , confusable Chinese characters in phonology and similar Chinese characters in shape. The subjects ware asked to recall these Chinese characters in right order. The results shown: (1) There are four error pattern: omission error, intrusion error, movement error and repetition error; (2) The high score student have less errors than low score student in each grade. (3) There are more errors confused Chinese characters phonology than normal Chinese characters and similar Chinese characters