成都平原先秦文化初论

A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE PREDYNASTIC QIN CULUTRE IN THE CHENGDU PLAIN

成都平原是四川盆地西部的冲积、洪积平原，其东南有连绵起伏的龙泉山脉，西北为高耸人云的龙门山、邛崃山脉，其东北和西南均为山地丘陵，整个平原呈东北一西南向的狭长形，地势由西北向东南倾斜，海拔400—750米，形成一个相对独立的地理区域。

Due to its lying in the southwestern China, the Chengdu Plain has a very special geographic environment; consequently the Predynastic Qin cultures in there maintain their special features and self-evolutionary sequences. The present paper aims to comb the Predynastic Qin cultural pedigree at this area and to study their evolutionary process. The Predynastic Qin archaeological cultures in the Chengdu Plain can be divided into four successively developed periods; they are the Baodun culture (ca. 4,500-3,700 BP), the Sanxingdui culture (ca. stage 4 of the Erlitou culture through stage 2 of the Yin Ruins) , the Shi'erqiao culture (ca. stage 3 of the Yin Ruins through the Spring and Autumn period) and the Shangwangjiaguai site (the Warring States period). In order to establish the chronological sequences of the Predynastic Qin archaeological cultures in this area, the author further divides the four periods into stages and analyzes their cultural characteristics, dates and evolutionary features. The Baodun culture is the earliest ancient culture in the Chengdu Plain to the present and dates to the late Neolithic period. It evolved into the Bronze Age from the Sanxingdui culture and lasted through the late Warring States period. Since the Ba and Shu cultures were destroyed by the Qin to the early Han, it was merged in the Central Plains. In its 2000 years of development, the Predynastic Qin cultures in the Chengdu Plain consistently maintain strong local cultural characteristics though influenced by exotic cultures in different levels at each stages.