美利坚文明的历史起源

The Historical Origin of American Civilization

本文以公司土地的私有化和“共耕制”的废除为转折点 ,以及由此引起的三大问题 ,即印、白关系的急剧恶化、对劳动力的巨大需求和管理问题的日益突出为线索 ,探讨了原来的英国特许商业公司怎样在北美的殖民过程中逐渐发生嬗变 ,又怎样在解决上述三大实际问题的过程中 ,一方面在经济上引入雇佣劳动制、白人契约奴和黑人奴隶制 ,另一方面则在管理上引入贵族的或平民的代议制 ,进而在内容和形式上为一个正在诞生的新的社会构建起一种独特的结构 。

By taking the privatization of the company land and the abolition of the “joint land system”as the turning-point, regarding the three major issues arising therefrom, namely, the sharp deterioration in the Indian-Whites relations; the great need for labor force and the increasing prominence of the management, as the clue, the article argues how the previous British chartered commercial company gradually transformed in the course of colonizing North America, and in the process of solving the three key problems mentioned above, how the company, on the one hand,introduced employment system, white indentured servants and Negro slavery in the economy, and on the other hand, drew into the aristocratic or populace representative system in administration,both of which , in terms of content and form , constructs a unique structure for the emerging new society. Through analyzing these , the thesis makes a socio-historical and systematic explanation of the historical origin of the American civilization.