工业化以前英国乡村教育初探

The Education in British Rural Area before Industrialization

本文考察了工业化启动前英国农民———包括普通农夫、雇工和富裕农民阶层“约曼”的教育状况。文章认为 ,工业化启动前 ,英国乡村教育已经取得了较为显著的发展 ,农民的识字率及乡村整体文化水平均有相当程度的提高。英国农民逐渐摆脱了愚昧和迷信 ,显示出新的精神风貌和品质 ,这为工业化的启动提供了精神上和智力上的保证。具有一定文化水准的英国农民成为工业化的积极推动力量。

Based on the review of the educational conditions for British peasants including both the ordinary husbandmen, labourers and the wealthy class called yemanry in the period of the pre-indus-trialization , the writer holds that great progress had been made in British rural areas before the in-dustrialization, so far as the educational condition was concerned. The peasants' literacy rate and cultural standard as a whole were greatly improved. They gradually got rid of ignorant and super-stitious believes and presented a new spirit and quality, which acted as a mental dynamism and intellectual security for the start of the British industrialization. The educated British peasants became a positive driving force for the industrialization.