中国农村土地流转问题的法律思考

Legal Thinking about the Issues of Rural Land Circulation in China

近些年土地流转在广大农村悄然兴起 ,它是继安徽凤阳县小岗村土地承包改革之后 ,来自农村的又一创新之举。它是市场经济在农村土地承包制度改革中的进一步深化 ,它不仅抑制了农村土地抛荒 ,而且还解决了农村土地资源的有效配置。但同时又存在着这样那样的问题 ,诸如 ,土地流转无法可依、农民土地承包权得不到有效保障、土地流转形式较乱、造成了一些纠纷等。当务之急是加强农村土地流转的法制建设 ,确认、巩固土地流转改革成果和解决存在的问题。首先是修改现存法律有关内容 ,其次尽快出台《农村土地承包法》 ,再是尽早制定《农村土地流转法》 ,明确土地流转的原则、形式、程序、监管和责任 ,使农村土地流转纳入法制轨道。

In recent years land circulation has been in the making quietly in the extensive rural areas. It is another creative act arising from countryside after the land contract reform at Xiaogang Village, Fengyang county in Anhui province. It has further deepened the market economy in the reform of rural land contract system. It has controlled the rural land without being lain waste and has made effective disposition of rural land resources as well. However, problems of all kinds exist at the same time. For example, no statute applies to land circulation; there is no effective guarantee for farmers' right to contract land; land circulation form is chaotic and has caused some disputes. In the first place, relevant subject in the existing laws should be amended, then the Law on Rural Land Contract be enacted as soon as possible, and the Law on Rural Land Circulation be made to clarify the principles, form, procedure, supervision and control, and responsibilities of land circulation, thus rural land circulation will be brought into the orbit of rule of law.