两种中国特有松属植物核型的研究兼论松属的系统位置

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KARYOTYPES OF TWO ENDEMIC SPECIES OF PINUS IN CHINA WITH A DISCUSSION ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE GENUS

本文首次分析了我国特产的华南五针松和高山松的核型,均为K(2n)=24=24m。松属植物(93种、变种)的核型全由中部或和近中着丝粒染色体构成,为1A类型。根据核型资料的比较,作者发现双维管束松亚属比单维管束松亚属进化;松属是松科中最原始的;它与其他各属均较疏远,虽然和银杉属、云杉属稍为接近;因此由松属单独构成松亚科是合适的。这些结论也得到形态、解剖、孢粉、植化、生化及古植物学等的支持。

The present paper deals with the karyotype analyses of Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsian and Pinus densata Mast, endemic to China. Both of the karyotypic formulas of the two species found to be K (2n) = 24 = 24m, which are reported for the first time. The karyotypes of the genus Pinus ( 93 species and varieties ) are all composed of metacentric or/ and submetacentric chromosomes and belonging to 1A type. Based on the comparative analysis of karyotypic data, the author has found that Subgen. Pinus is more advanced than Subgen. Strobus, and that the genus Pinus is the most primary one in Pinaceae and quite distant from the other genera, although it somewhat related to Cathaya and Picea. It is, therefore, approprite to regard Pinus as a monotypic Subfamily Pinoideae as suggested by Pilger. These conclusions are also supported by data from morphology, anatomy, palynology, phytochemistry, biochemistry, palaeobotany, etc.