试论化学杀雄杂交水稻高产制种技术

On High Yielding Techniques for Chemically Emasculated Hybrid Rice Seed Production

本文在分析水稻化杀杂种优势利用特点和化杀制种产量偏低原因的基础上提出；化杀杂交制种的长远对策是要进一步研究化杀规律和机理，进一步研制新型化学杀雄剂，探索新的施药方式和方法。作者还根据在化杀制种中亩产超过２００ｋｇ的研究和实践，提出了改进目前化杀制种技术的具体对策和措施。

In the paper the measures to improve techniques for chemically emasculated hybrid rice seed production are proposed. (1) The row ratio is changed from 2: 8 to 1: 8-10. Thus,the area of the female parent may be increased by 7%- 10%. When the planting standard for the female parent is 16. 6cm × 16. 6cm, about 10-20 thousand productive panicles can be increased. The male parent is planted in a single row, and the female parent is planted on both sides of the male parent. The spacing between rows is 26. 6cm, and the spacing in the row is 10cm. Both female and male parents are planted with 5-6 seedlings per hill. (2) On the basis of synchronized flowering period, the male parent is seeded only twice to concentrate more pollens for the female parent. (3) The malegametocide should be sprayed at right time. If the female parent grows somewhat earlier or more vigorously, early application is needed so as to inhibit its growth. Within the range of adequat dosage the least one is pleferred, thus making the by-effects of chemicals reduce to the minimum degree. It is better to use a sprayer with a twin-nozzle spray bead, because it is favourable for both even spraying and raise of labour efficiency. (4) Gibberellin should be sprayed on both parents. This not only makes the panicle base less enclosed in the leaf sheath, but also reduces the rate of closed glumes. Artificial supplementary pollination should not be made until heading stops. In 1991 an on-the-spot check showed that the average yield of Liang-Hua 1 and 2 planted in 7. 20 mu of chemically emasculated seed production fields was 171. 1 kg per mu, the highest was 240. 7kg per mu, and the purity of seeds reached 88. 64%.