辣(甜)椒胞质雄性不育系杂优利用及制种技术研究

Heterosis Utilization of the CMS Lines in Hot(Sweet) Peppers and Technology for Its Hybrid Seed Production

自1980年开始,利用从法国引进的长灯笼形甜椒胞质不育系LANES为不育源,通过回交转育方法,于1984年选育出羊角形辣椒胞质雄性不育系21A,灯笼形甜椒胞质雄性不育系8A和17A。至2000年测配617个组合,其中育性完全恢复的有196个组合,占全部组合数的31.7％。在这196个组合中,辣×辣组合127个,占64.8％,甜×甜组合仅11个,占5.6％。经配合力测定,选育出3个具有优质、抗病、丰产特点的一代杂种21A×LS_3(苏椒3号A)、21A×LS_2和8A×LS_7(碧玉)。辣椒雄性不育系繁种、制种技术研究结果表明,利用大棚繁种,不育系:恢复系2∶1,采用人工辅助授粉,平均每667m^2可获得40kg杂交种子产量,露地种子产量为大棚种子产量的50％～60％。应用辣椒雄性不育系繁制一代杂交种子比常规去雄繁种节省工本40％,杂交率达到100％。

With CMS line LANES in sweet pepper introduced from France as the CMS resource,CMS line 21A in hot pepper,CMS line 8A and 17A in sweet pepper were bred in 1984 through repeated backcrosses. Of the total 617 combinations made with these CMS lines×the testers in 2000,196 F_1 hybrids among which 127 were the hot pepper×hot pepper and 11 the sweet pepper×sweet pepper,were fully restored in their fertility. By combinating ability appraisal, three F_1 hybrids: 21A×LS_3(named hybrid pepper variety Sujiao 3A), 21A×LS_2 and 8A×LS_7(hybrid pepper variety Green Jade), all of them with fine quality, disease resistance and high yield, were developed. The results in hybrid seed production indicated in greenhouse covered with plastic film, at row ratio of 2(the female):1 (the male)and artificial supplementary pollination hybrid seed yield may reach 600kg/ha on an average. The seed yield in the open field approaches 50％～60％ of that produced in the greenhouse. Compared to the conventional method, hybrid seed production will save 40％ of the cost and the outcrossing rate will reach 100％.