论曲艺的导演艺术

On the Directing Art of Quyi

曲艺作为以口头语言进行“说唱”的表演艺术 ,形式本身的相对简便性和生成背景的长期农业社会环境 ,加上民间性特征的个体经营方式 ,使得艺术的创造长期以来主要体现为“自编、自导、自演” ,没有在较大的范围和深广的意义上形成艺术分工较细又各个环节相对独立和发达的发展局面 ,从而给其艺术的自觉尤其是创演的自觉带来极大的窒碍与掣肘。创作不能匹配表演之外 ,导演机制的不够健全和导演意识的基本缺席 ,更是使其艺术实现跨越式发展的障碍。提出并且探讨建立适宜曲艺自身发展规律与审美特点的导演艺术体系与机制 ,是曲艺在未来取得更大发展的一个理论支点。而曲艺的导演意识及其相关的实践活动 ,在曲艺自身的历史演进中 ,事实上又是必然具备且客观存在着的 ,只是没有在艺术分工的进化过程中得以分化、凸显和最终确立而已。本文试图从探索历史上曲艺创演的导演因素和实施特点入手 ,借鉴现代社会相关艺术的导演理论与实践 ,结合曲艺的艺术实际 ,提出建立曲艺导演艺术机制与体系的观点。

Quyi (Chinese folk art forms) include various kinds of 'talking and singing' performing arts in spoken language such as ballad singing, story telling, comic dialogues, clapper talks, cross talks and so on. Because of their relative simplicity in acting forms, the developing background of a long standing agricultural society, the characteristics of people to people in nature and their individual running practice, they have failed to open up a prospect with elaborate artistic division of labour in a wide range and with profound significance. Nor have they got any progress in making their composing parts relatively develop in an independent way. As a result, they brought handicaps and obstacles to the awareness of art, especially the awareness of creation and performance, so that they centered round the position of self composing, self directing and self performing for a long period of time in the past. Influenced by the inappropriateness of their creation to their acting, the inadequacy of their directing setup and the fact that they were basically in lack of directing consciousness, they were hindered from leaping forward in their development. Therefore, it will be a theoretical fulcrum for the further advances of quyi to raise and explore the establishment of a directing system that fits the aesthetic feature and the rules of quyis own advancement. Needless to say, the directing consciousness of quyi and its relevant practical activities have been provided with and actually existed in the historical evolution of quyi, though the directing itself has not been split off, stuck out and finally fixed its own position in the process of artistic division of labour.This paper explores the directing factors and the characteristics of implementation in the creating and performing work of quyi in history, makes use of the directing theory and practice of other similar forms of arts in present day, integrates with quyis artistic reality and puts forward the idea of setting up a directing system for quyi.