优质油菜新品种丰产稳产适应性及产量性状的遗传效应

Analysis of yield stability and adaptability of some rapesced cultivars with high quality and genetic effects of yield components.

于1987～1988年和1989～1990年,各用9个品种,选取9个有代表性的试验点进行试验,研究了单、双低油菜品种的适应性和丰产稳产性,产量和构成因素的遗传变异及遗传相关。结果表明:①一些单、双低油菜品种的产量已达到了大面积推广应用的常规品种的水平,且适应性和稳产性也有了较大的改善;②优质油菜要获得高产和稳产,对产量构成因素的要求是:在具有单位面积内较高果数的基础上,每果粒数要稳定,尤其是千粒重要较高而稳定,这就要求品种的生育期较为适中且抗逆性较强;③进一步的产量育种目标可以是在单位面积内具有一定果数的基础上提高粒数,稳定粒重;山可以是在单位面积内有一定果数的基础上保持中等果粒数,增加粒重同时提高生长后期的抗病抗倒性。

Nine varieties were planted randomized blocks with three replications each at 9 sites in Zhejiang province in 1988 and 1990 to evaluate yield and its components, varietal stability and adaptability, to analyze the genetic relationship between yield and its components and genetic correlations. The results indicated that: ① the yield potential of some single or double low rapeseed cultivars was close to that of the checks, but the yield stability and adaptability was much improved ;② in order to obtain high and stable yield, more number of pods per plant, steady number of seeds per pod, higher and stable grain weight were required in yield component for the type with high quality; ③further yield improvement could be attained by maintaining the existing number of pods per plant and 1000-grain weight, but more grains per pod, or maintaining a moderate number of seeds per pod associated with higher grain weight.